A step-over is a form of trained fruit tree, consisting of a single tier of branches and trained horizontally. They are so-named because the branches are kept low to the ground, so they are quite easy to step across.
Step-overs are traditionally used to line borders and as a boundary between different areas of the garden. Unlike the more vertical trained forms, step-overs do not create a screen or block a view, they simply delineate the area.
Because each tree is relatively small, the quantity of fruit produced is usually less than for a regular tree - but as with all the trained forms, the ripening fruit is usually well exposed to sunlight which in turn contributes to better flavours.
Step-over specification
Step-overs are effectively single-tier espalier trees, with the branches at approximately 35cm from the ground. They have a branch on either side of a short stem. If you are using the excellent RHS Pruning and Training book, please note that it describes a different style of step-over - a low horizontal cordon (known in French as a 'Cordon horizontal simple'). However much of the pruning and training advice is similar.
We recommend the very-dwarf M27 rootstock for apple step-overs. These will give a mature spread of about 2m, in other words 1m on either side of the stem - more in better soils. The normal centre-to-centre planting distance would be 2m, but you can increase this to create a more spacious effect, or reduce it to encourage the trees to run into each other.
We recommend the dwarf Quince C rootstock for our pear step-overs. These are likely to have a mature spread of 2.5m.
Since pear and apple step-overs use different rootstocks it is not a good idea to mix them in the same area.
Whilst it is perfectly possible to use a single step-over, it is generally more pleasing to use several step-overs in a line, or to follow the curve of a long border. If absolute consistency is important to you, then choose multiple trees of a single variety, or alternate trees of 2 or 3 different varieties.
How many stepovers can I fit in the space available?
See our trained tree planning tool.